The Rule of Law
in Suriname
Key Findings from the General
Population Poll 2022
Acknowledgements
The Rule of Law in Suriname: Key Findings from the General Population Poll 2022 was produced by the World Justice Project under the research oversight of Alejandro Ponce and the executive direction of Elizabeth Andersen.
The production of this report was led by Ana María Montoya and Tanya Primiani. This report was prepared by Said Aarji, Erin Campbell, James Davis, Joshua Fuller, Skye Jacobs, Ana María Montoya, Santiago Pardo González, Enrique Paulin, Tanya Primiani, Hannah Rigazzi, Natalia Rodríguez Cajamarca, Jeison Sabogal Sánchez, Victoria Thomaides, Carlos Toruño Paniagua, and Moss Woodbury.
Mariana Lopez was the graphic design lead for this report, with support from Raquel Medina. Photo for cover provided by Arwin Basdew via Flickr.
Sampling, fieldwork, and data processing in Suriname were conducted by D3: Designs, Data, Decisions, based in the United States. Data collection in The Bahamas was conducted by DMR Insights Ltd., based in St. Lucia. Data collection in the Dominican Republic and Haiti was conducted by CID Gallup, based in Costa Rica. Data collection in Guyana and Jamaica was conducted by StatMark Group, based in the United States. Scripting of the questionnaire in the online platform SurveyToGo was conducted by Ezekiel Agwata of Polar Solutions.
The findings in this report are taken from the General Population Poll (GPP) conducted for the World Justice Project in 2022. The GPP’s conceptual framework and methodology were developed by Mark David Agrast, Juan Carlos Botero, and Alejandro Ponce. The methodology for this iteration of the GPP was developed by Lindsey Bock, Ana Cárdenas, Alicia Evangelides, Joshua Fuller, Nora Futtner, Amy Gryskiewicz, Verónica Jaso, Ana María Montoya, Alejandro Ponce, Eréndira González Portillo, Tanya Primiani, Natalia Rodríguez Cajamarca, Victoria Thomaides, and Marcelo Torres.
This report was made possible with the support of the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs' Office of Western Hemisphere (INL). The views expressed in this report are those of the survey respondents and do not necessarily represent the views of INL.
© Copyright 2023 by the World Justice Project.
Requests to reproduce this document should be sent to:
Alejandro Ponce
World Justice Project
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Washington, DC 20005, USA
Email: [email protected]
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ABOUT
THIS REPORT
ABOUT THIS REPORT
EFFECTIVE RULE OF LAW reduces corruption, combats poverty and disease, and protects people from injustices large and small. Strengthening the rule of law is an important objective for governments, donors, and civil society organizations around the world. To be effective, rule of law development requires clarity about the fundamental features that define the rule of law, as well as an adequate basis for its evaluation and measurement.
The Rule of Law in Suriname: Key Findings from the General Population Poll 2022 presents question-level data drawn from the General Population Poll (GPP), an original data source designed and collected by the World Justice Project. To provide a more in-depth view of trends in perceptions of rule of law in Suriname, this report also presents select findings over time and compared to Suriname’s regional peers within the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas subregion of Latin America and the Caribbean.
The GPP was conducted between May and June 2022 through face-to-face interviews to a nationally representative sample of 502 Surinamese households. This poll was designed to capture data on the experiences and perceptions of ordinary people regarding a variety of themes related to the rule of law.
This report represents the voices of people in Suriname and their experiences with the rule of law in their country.
The data derived from the General Population Poll is presented in this report as thematic briefs, each one highlighting a different dimension of the rule of law from the perspective of Surinamese people. These thematic briefs focus on the current rule of law ecosystem in Suriname while simultaneously illuminating changes over time and comparisons across the following peer countries in the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas regions: The Bahamas, the Dominican Republic, Guyana, Haiti, and Jamaica. Each section touches upon perceptions of and attitudes towards the following topics: accountability, fundamental freedoms, corruption, bribery victimization, trust in institutions, the criminal justice system and its actors, police performance, crime victimization, support for victims of crime, and security.
EXECUTIVE FINDINGS
The Rule of Law in Suriname: Key Findings from the General Population Poll 2022 provides a comprehensive overview of how citizens perceive and experience the rule of law in Suriname alongside comparative findings across the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas. The findings in this report indicate some positive trends in the general public’s perspective on the rule of law in Suriname, including relatively positive perceptions of personal safety and police performance in the region. Despite these positive developments, however, these findings highlight the fact that many challenges—including deteriorating perceptions of fundamental freedoms, worsening perceptions of corruption, and declining levels of trust in institutions—persist. At the regional level, prominent trends include deteriorating perceptions of fundamental freedoms, worsening perceptions of corruption, and weakened confidence in criminal justice system performance.
SECTION 1
Fundamental Freedoms and Accountability
1. Fundamental Freedoms
On average, fewer respondents believe that their freedoms of expression, political participation, election, and religion are guaranteed in The Bahamas, Guyana, Jamaica, and Suriname compared to the last year of data collection. In contrast, the average percentage of respondents who believe that these freedoms are guaranteed increased slightly in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Throughout the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas, fewer respondents agreed that people can join any political organization and that people can vote freely without feeling harassed or pressured when compared against the last year of data collection.
- Compared to respondents in regional peer countries, Surinamese respondents, on average, had more positive perceptions of the state’s respect for freedoms of political participation and religion.
- When asked about respect for fundamental freedoms in Suriname, respondents had more favorable views on freedom of religion, with 93% of respondents agreeing that religious minorities can observe their holy days. Conversely, Surinamese respondents had less favorable views on electoral freedoms, with 27% of respondents agreeing that local government officials are elected through a clean process.
- Perceptions of the state’s respect for overall fundamental freedoms deteriorated in Suriname between 2018 and 2022. The most significant declines include decreases in the perceptions that the media can expose cases of corruption (down 22 percentage points), civil society organizations can express opinions against the government (down 22 percentage points), and political parties can express opinions against the government (down 20 percentage points).
SECTION 2
Corruption and Trust
2. Corruption
Public views on the pervasiveness of corruption within the legislature and among national government officers deteriorated in almost every country in the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas. Within the region, on average, more Haitian respondents reported perceptions of corruption across all actors than their regional peers, whereas Surinamese respondents reported the same least frequently.
- Political parties are considered the most corrupt institution in Suriname. Approximately 82% of respondents believe that most or all members of Surinamese political parties are involved in corrupt practices.
- Teachers in public schools are considered the least corrupt actors in Suriname, with 7% of respondents reporting that they believe most or all teachers are involved in corrupt practices.
3. Attitudes Towards Corrupt Behaviors
Acceptance of corrupt behaviors in the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas is relatively common compared to in the rest of Latin America and the Caribbean. Throughout the region, respondents, on average, most often found a public officer recruited on the basis of family ties and friendship networks to be acceptable. Elected officials taking public funds for private use and company officials asking for a bribe from a job applicant were tolerated the least often. On average, respondents in Haiti most often found certain cases of bribery, nepotism, and embezzlement always or usually acceptable, whereas respondents in Suriname least often found these behaviors acceptable.
- Surinamese respondents most often felt that it was acceptable for a public officer to be recruited on the basis of family ties and friendship networks (4%).
- Surinamese least often felt that it was acceptable for an elected official to take public funds for private use (<1%).
4. Bribery Victimization
On average, respondents in the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas reported paying a bribe most often in Haiti and least often in The Bahamas. Throughout the region, respondents most frequently had to pay a bribe when interacting with police officers and car registration agency officers in the last 12 months, on average. Respondents least frequently had to pay a bribe when interacting with public utility company officers.
5. Trust
Respondents in the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas trust judges and magistrates or people living in their country more than any other public actor, with the exception of respondents in Haiti, who had the most trust in police officers. Respondents in the region expressed the lowest average levels of trust in executive actors or police officers. On average, respondents in Suriname least often reported having some or a lot of trust across all institutions. In contrast, respondents in Guyana reported the highest overall levels of trust.
- Levels of trust in Suriname declined across every institution between 2018 and 2022. Trust in national government officers declined the most between 2018 and 2022, with 19% of respondents reporting some or a lot of trust in 2022, compared to 37% in 2018.
- In 2022, respondents in Suriname most often reported having some or a lot of trust in judges and magistrates (42%) and least often reported having some or a lot of trust in national government officers (19%).
SECTION 3
Security and Criminal Justice
6. Crime Victimization
On average, 29% of all respondents surveyed in the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas reported experiencing a crime in the last 12 months. On average, roughly half (51%) of those respondents reported their crime experience to an authority.
- Approximately one-third (34%) of Surinamese respondents reported experiencing a crime in the last 12 months, a figure above the regional average (29%).
- Slightly more than half (51%) of Surinamese respondents who were victims of a crime reported the crime to an authority and, of those who reported, 63% filed an official crime report.
More than half of all respondents in the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas feel safe or very safe when walking in their neighborhood at night, with the exception of respondents in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Perceptions of safety improved in almost every country between the previous round of data collection and 2022. Perceptions of safety declined only in Guyana, where 50% of respondents reported feeling safe in their neighborhood at night, compared to 68% in 2018. Compared to respondents in regional peer countries, Bahamians most often reported feeling safe in their neighborhood at night (82%), while roughly one-third of Haitians (35%) reported the same.
- In Suriname, 76% of respondents reported feeling safe walking in their neighborhood at night in 2022, marking an improvement from 71% in 2018.
- Surinamese women, Surinamese respondents who live in an urban area, Surinamese respondents under the age of 30, and Surinamese respondents who had previously been a victim of a crime were less likely to feel safe walking in their neighborhood at night than respondents with other sociodemographic characteristics. Surinamese respondents with a lighter skin tone were more likely to feel safe walking in their neighborhood at night than respondents with other sociodemographic characteristics.
8. Criminal Justice
Across the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas, respondents are, on average, most confident that the criminal justice system ensures equal treatment of victims and least confident that the criminal justice system ensures timeliness. On average, respondents in the Dominican Republic reported the highest levels of confidence in the criminal justice system overall, while respondents in The Bahamas reported the lowest levels of confidence. Average perceptions of the criminal justice system’s overall performance deteriorated in almost every country within the region, with the exception of the Dominican Republic.
- Surinamese respondents were most confident that the criminal justice system ensures equal treatment of victims (51%) and gives appropriate punishments (51%). Surinamese respondents were least confident that the criminal justice system ensures timeliness (24%) and safeguards the presumption of innocence of defendants (33%).
- Between 2018 and 2022, Suriname’s most significant trends in public opinions on the criminal justice system include an improvement in the perception that the criminal justice system gives appropriate punishments (up 12 percentage points) and declines in the perceptions that the criminal justice system safeguards the presumption of innocence (down 18 percentage points) and ensures timeliness (down 16 percentage points).
9. Police Performance
When asked about their impressions of police performance, respondents in the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas had the most negative views on accountability and due process and the most positive views on absence of discrimination and public service, on average.
- When asked about their impressions of police performance, respondents in Suriname were most confident that:
- Police serve the interests of the community (66%).
- Police treat all people with respect (62%).
- Police resolve security problems in the community (60%).
- Respondents in Suriname were least confident that:
- Police are held accountable for accepting bribes (31%).
- Police are held accountable for seeking bribes (32%).
- Police are investigated for misconduct (34%).
- In Suriname, respondents most often indicated that suspects with a darker skin tone and suspects with tattoos would most likely be at a disadvantage in a criminal investigation.
10. Victim Support
In every country surveyed in the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas, less than half of all respondents, on average, believed that victims of crime receive adequate support and protection. Respondents in Jamaica reported the highest average levels of confidence in victim support practices overall, while respondents in Haiti reported the lowest average levels of confidence in the victim support practices overall.
- Surinamese respondents were most often confident that crime victims are addressed by the police using accessible language (64%) and are guaranteed their rights in criminal justice proceedings (50%).
- Surinamese respondents were least often confident that crime victims receive effective and timely medical and psychological care (21%) and receive adequate care and protection as victims of sexual crimes (21%).
Note: In addition to the data found in regional charts included in this report, comparative data for regional peer countries referenced in the Executive Findings can be found in each country’s respective report.
THEMATIC FINDINGS
SECTION I
FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS AND ACCOUNTABILITY
FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS
CHART 1.
Fundamental Freedoms in Suriname Over Time
Percentage of respondents who believe the following statements
EXPRESSION
People can express opinions against the government
Civil society organizations can express opinions against the government
Political parties can express opinions against the government
The media can express opinions against the government without fear of retaliation
The media can expose cases of corruption
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2016, 2018, and 2022
PARTICIPATION
People can attend community meetings
People can join any political organization
People can organize around an issue or petition
ELECTIONS
Local government officials are elected through a clean process
People can vote freely without feeling harassed or pressured
RELIGION
Religious minorities can observe their holy days
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2016, 2018, and 2022
CHART 2.
Perceptions of Fundamental Freedoms in the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas
Percentage of respondents who believe the following statements
BHS = The Bahamas DOM = Dominican Republic GUY = Guyana HTI = Haiti JAM = Jamaica SUR = Suriname
EXPRESSION
People can express opinions against the government
Civil society organizations can express opinions against the government
Political parties can express opinions against the government
The media can express opinions against the government without fear of retaliation
The media can expose cases of corruption
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2022
PARTICIPATION
People can attend community meetings
People can join any political organization
People can organize around an issue or petition
ELECTIONS
Local government officials are elected through a clean process
People can vote freely without feeling harassed or pressured
RELIGION
Religious minorities can observe their holy days
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2022
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY
CHART 3.
Perceptions of Constraints on Government Powers
Percentage of respondents in Suriname and regional peer countries who believe that various actors could hypothetically stop an executive's illegal actions
Very Likely Likely Unlikely Very Unlikely
CONGRESS
THE COURTS
CITIZENS
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2022
THEMATIC FINDINGS
SECTION II
CORRUPTION AND TRUST
CORRUPTION
CHART 4.
Perceptions of Corruption by Institution Over Time
Percentage of respondents who believe that most or all people working in the following institutions are corrupt
MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
POLICE OFFICERS
EXECUTIVE
Local Government Officers
National Government Officers
JUDICIARY
Prosecutors Judges & Magistrates
Public Defense Attorneys
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2016, 2018, and 2022
CHART 5.
Perceptions of Corruption in the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas, by Institution
Percentage of respondents who think people in the following groups are involved in corrupt practices
◆The Bahamas ◆Dominican Republic ◆Guyana ◆Haiti ◆Jamaica Suriname
THE MEDIA AND POLITICAL PARTIES
NATIONAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
ADMINISTRATIVE AND BUREAUCRATIC INSTITUTIONS
SECURITY AND JUSTICE INSTITUTIONS
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2022
CHART 6.
Attitudes Towards Corrupt Behaviors in the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas
Percentage of respondents who believe the following behaviors are always or usually acceptable
◆The Bahamas ◆Dominican Republic ◆Guyana ◆Haiti ◆Jamaica Suriname
BRIBES OFFERED
BRIBES REQUESTED
NEPOTISM AND EMBEZZLEMENT
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2022
BRIBERY VICTIMIZATION
CHART 7.
Bribery Victimization in Suriname and Regional Peer Countries
Percentage of respondents who paid a bribe in the last 12 months to one of the following officers, of those who had a contact with these officers
POLICE OFFICERS
JUDGES AND MAGISTRATES
TAX/REVENUE OFFICERS
CUSTOMS OFFICERS
PUBLIC UTILITY COMPANY OFFICERS
CAR REGISTRATION AGENCY OFFICERS
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2022
TRUST
CHART 8.
Trust in Institutions Over Time
Percentage of respondents who have a lot or some trust in...
PEOPLE LIVING IN THEIR COUNTRY
POLICE OFFICERS
EXECUTIVE
Local Government Officers
National Government Officers
JUDICIARY
Prosecutors Judges & Magistrates
Public Defense Attorneys
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2016, 2018, and 2022
THEMATIC FINDINGS
SECTION III
SECURITY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE
CRIME VICTIMIZATION
CHART 9.1
Types of Crimes Experienced by People in Suriname
Victimization rate, by type of crime
CHART 9.2
Crime Victimization Rates and Reporting
Data on crime victimization and reporting in Suriname
Note: For additional information on how Chart 9.1 and Chart 9.2 were produced, please see the Appendix.
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2022
SECURITY
CHART 10.1
Perceptions of Security in Suriname Over Time
Percentage of respondents who reported that they feel safe or very safe walking in their neighborhood at night
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2016, 2018, and 2022
CHART 10.2
Impact of Sociodemographic Characteristics on Perceptions of Safety
Likelihood that respondents feel safe or very safe walking in their neighborhood at night
Note: The results in this infographic were obtained from a logit regression. Each point indicates the average marginal effect of the corresponding sociodemographic characteristic on the predicted probability of a respondent to answer “safe” or “very safe” to the question “How safe do you feel walking in your neighborhood at night?” The lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals of each average marginal effect. For additional information on how Chart 10.2 was produced, please see the Regression Key linked in the Appendix.
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2022
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
CHART 11.
Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System in Suriname
Percentage of respondents who are confident that the criminal justice system...
2022 2018
Note: For additional information on how Chart 11 was produced, please see the Appendix.
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2018 and 2022
CHART 12.
Criminal Justice Actors
Perceptions of criminal justice actors in Suriname
Prosecutors Public Defense Attorneys Judges & Magistrates
TRUST IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACTORS OVER TIME
Percentage of respondents who have a lot or some trust in prosecutors, public defense attorneys, and judges and magistrates
PERCEPTIONS OF CORRUPTION ACROSS CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACTORS OVER TIME
Percentage of respondents who believe that most or all prosecutors, public defense attorneys, and judges and magistrates are corrupt
PERCEPTIONS OF EFFECTIVENESS ACROSS CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACTORS OVER TIME
Percentage of respondents who believe that prosecutors, public defense attorneys, and judges and magistrates do their job well
Note: Variables in Effectiveness category are as follows: Prosecutors prosecute crimes committed in an independent manner and are not subject to any sort of pressure; Public defenders do everything they can to defend poor people that are accused of committing a crime; Judges decide cases in an independent manner and are not subject to any sort of pressure.
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2016, 2018, and 2022
POLICE
CHART 13.
Perceptions of the Police
Opinions on the effectiveness and legitimacy of law enforcement
EFFECTIVENESS
Serve the Public
Percentage of respondents who believe that the police...
Crime Control and Safety
Percentage of respondents who believe that the police...
LEGITIMACY
Due Process
Percentage of respondents who believe that the police...
Discrimination
Percentage of respondents who believe that the police do not discriminate against suspects based on....
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2022
Corruption
Percentage of respondents who believe that the police...
Trust and Crime Reporting
Percentage of respondents who...
Accountability
Percentage of respondents who believe that the police...
Note: For additional information on how Chart 13 was produced, please see the Appendix.
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2022
VICTIM SUPPORT
CHART 14.
Perceptions of the Treatment of Crime Victims
Percentage of respondents who are confident that crime victims...
Note: For additional information on how Chart 14 was produced, please see the Appendix.
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2022
PROJECT DESIGN
METHODOLOGY
To present an image that accurately portrays the rule of law as experienced by ordinary people, data in this report is drawn from the General Population Poll (GPP), an original data source designed and collected by the World Justice Project (WJP). The GPP captures the experiences and perceptions of ordinary citizens concerning the performance of the state and its agents and the actual operation of the legal framework in their country.
The General Population Poll used to collect data in Suriname in 2022 features several new questions that highlight perceptions on issues salient to the region, including corruption, authoritarian behaviors, police performance, criminal justice, and security. In total, the General Population Poll questionnaire includes 167 perception-based questions and 122 experience-based questions, along with sociodemographic information on all respondents. Additionally, the GPP in Suriname was administered to a sample of 502 respondents.
Data Collection
The GPP in Suriname was conducted for the WJP's The Rule of Law in Suriname: Key Findings from the General Population Poll 2022 with sampling, fieldwork, and data processing by D3: Designs, Data, Decisions, based in Virginia, USA. D3: Designs, Data, Decisions administered the surveys between May and June 2022, conducting face-to-face interviews using a multi-stage stratified random sampling design. The target population group for this survey included Surinamese respondents aged 18 years or older residing across 28 cities and towns throughout the country.
SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLE FRAME
The General Population Poll in Suriname represents an achieved total sample size of 502 interviews distributed proportionally across nine districts. D3: Designs, Data, Decisions based the sampling frame on 2012 population figures from the General Statistics Bureau of Suriname, acquiring a proportionally stratified sample by district, age, gender, socioeconomic status, and level of urbanization.
In order to address all relevant topics while controlling the questionnaire length, the World Justice Project split three of the survey modules into two versions (Option A and Option B) and randomly assigned one option to each respondent for each module. These modules included: Hypothetical Situations, Civic Participation, and Institutional Performance. Aside from these modules, the questionnaires are identical. A link to the complete survey instrument, in English and Dutch, can be found in the Appendix of this report.
SAMPLING
Districts and cities were selected to achieve a nationally representative sample of the country based on population density and geographic coverage. Within cities and towns, communes were selected as the primary sampling unit using probability proportionate to size sampling. Individual enumeration areas were then selected randomly. Within each enumeration area, survey administrators performed a systematic random route to sample households and used survey software to randomly select respondents. If the selected respondent declined to be interviewed or otherwise did not meet the characteristics of the target quota, the interviewer moved on to the next household. Due to accessibility issues, the district of Sipaliwini was excluded from the sampling frame. Within the Brokopondo district, the Brokopondo Centrum and Brownsweg communes were replaced Klaaskreek and Marchallkreek due to flooding that made the original areas inaccessible.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SAMPLE
COVERAGE: Interviews were distributed across regions to create a nationally representative sample. The majority of interviews took place in Paramaribo (42%), Wanica (22%), and Nickerie (8%).
GEOGRAPHY: Thirty-seven percent (37%) of respondents resided in rural areas and municipalities, while 63% of respondents resided in metro areas or cities.
RACIAL AND ETHNIC BACKGROUND: One-quarter (25%) of all respondents identified themselves as Maroon, followed by Creole (23%) and Mixed Race (17%).
GENDER: Fifty-one percent (51%) of respondents were female and 49% were male.
EDUCATION: Most respondents (70%) reported that they had received up to a middle school diploma, and the remaining 30% of respondents received at least a high school diploma or vocational degree.
RESPONSE RATES
Eligible household, non-interview | 24 |
Refusals | 19 |
Break-off | 3 |
Non-contact | 2 |
Ineligible household | 25 |
No eligible respondent in the household | 25 |
Quota filled | 0 |
INTERVIEWING AND QUALITY CONTROL
In total, 19 interviewers worked on this project, including 18 female interviewers. In addition, five fieldwork supervisors and one country lead worked on this project. Interviews were conducted in Dutch.
The supervisory team directly oversaw at least two interviews per interviewer in the field. During data processing, 80 interviews (approximately 16% of the sample) were selected for audio review by the central office. Additional quality control measures included GPS validation, data checks, and checks for abnormal answer patterns. Interviews averaged 52 minutes in length and ranged from 29 to 104 minutes.
DATA REVIEW AND JUSTIFICATION
As part of the data analysis process, the team consulted several third-party sources in order to contextualize and validate perception-based data captured by the General Population Poll and compare it with the objective rule of law situation in-country. Peer data sources consulted include select indicators measured by the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP)'s AmericasBarometer, Latinobarómetro, Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index, the Bertelsmann Stiftung's Transformation Index (BTI), and Freedom House's Freedom in the World. While certain trends captured by the 2022 General Population Poll in Suriname are comparable to trends in perceptions data measured by other indices, the experiences and perceptions presented in this report may not always coincide with the reality of Suriname's rule of law performance as measured by other sources.
HISTORICAL DATA
Historical data in this report derives from the WJP Rule of Law Index®'s General Population Poll that is typically administered every two to three years using a nationally representative probability sample ranging from 500 to 1,000 respondents. These household surveys were administered in the three largest cities of most countries until 2018, when the World Justice Project transitioned to nationally representative coverage as the preferred methodology for polling. The historical polling data used in this year's reports was collected in the following intervals: Data for The Bahamas, the Dominican Republic, Guyana, and Suriname was collected in 2016, 2018, and 2022. Data for Haiti was collected in 2021 and 2022. Data for Jamaica was collected in 2014, 2017, 2019, and 2022.
ADDITIONAL COUNTRIES
The Rule of Law in Suriname: Key Findings from the General Population Poll 2022 includes comparisons to the following countries in the Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas surveyed by the World Justice Project during the same period: The Bahamas, the Dominican Republic, Guyana, Haiti and Jamaica. This report is additionally part of a series that presents findings from the following five sub-regions within Latin America and the Caribbean: Andes (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru); Southern Cone (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay); Eastern Caribbean (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago); Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas (The Bahamas, the Dominican Republic, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Suriname); and Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama). Together, these 26 countries are a portion of the 140 countries and jurisdictions included in the WJP Rule of Law Index 2022 report. Detailed information regarding the methodology of the Rule of Law Index is available at: www.worldjusticeproject.org.
Country | Polling Company | Methodology | Sample |
Argentina | StatMark Group | Face-to-face | 759 |
The Bahamas | DMR Insights Ltd. | Face-to-face | 500 |
Barbados | DMR Insights Ltd. | Face-to-face | 500 |
Belize | CID Gallup | Face-to-face | 1,500 |
Bolivia | Captura Consulting | Face-to-face | 1,000 |
Brazil | About Brazil Market Research | Face-to-face | 1,109 |
Colombia | Tempo Group SA | Face-to-face | 1,000 |
Costa Rica | CID Gallup | Face-to-face | 1,005 |
Dominica | DMR Insights Ltd. | Face-to-face | 500 |
Dominican Republic | CID Gallup | Face-to-face | 1,002 |
Ecuador | StatMark Group | Face-to-face | 1,005 |
El Salvador | CID Gallup | Face-to-face | 2,010 |
Grenada | DMR Insights Ltd. | Face-to-face | 500 |
Guatemala | Mercaplan | Face-to-face | 2,002 |
Guyana | StatMark Group | Face-to-face | 500 |
Haiti | CID Gallup | Face-to-face | 507 |
Honduras | Mercaplan | Face-to-face | 2,000 |
Jamaica | StatMark Group | Face-to-face | 1,001 |
Nicaragua | CID Gallup | Telephone | 1,014 |
Panama | CID Gallup | Face-to-face | 2,023 |
Paraguay | Datum Internacional S.A./BM Business Partners | Face-to-face | 1,000 |
Peru | Datum Internacional S.A. | Face-to-face | 1,029 |
St. Lucia | DMR Insights Ltd. | Face-to-face | 500 |
St. Vincent and the Grenadines | DMR Insights Ltd. | Face-to-face | 500 |
Suriname | D3: Designs, Data, Decisions | Face-to-face | 502 |
Trinidad and Tobago | CID Gallup | Face-to-face | 1,001 |
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
Methodological Materials
GENERAL POPULATION POLL (GPP)
The General Population Poll in Suriname was designed to capture high-quality data on the realities and concerns of ordinary people on a variety of themes related to the rule of law, including government accountability, corruption, police performance, crime, and security.
VARIABLES USED IN INFOGRAPHICS ON CRIME VICTIMIZATION
This table lists the question-level variables from the General Population Poll used to construct Chart 9.1 and the “Reasons the crime was not reported” table in Chart 9.2.
World Justice Project Crime Rates and Reporting Variable Map
REGRESSION TABLES FOR REGRESSION ANALYSIS USED IN INFOGRAPHIC ON PERCEPTIONS OF SECURITY
This document includes the question-level variables from the General Population Poll used in the regression analysis and the regression results featured in Chart 10.2.
World Justice Project Regression Tables
VARIABLES USED IN INFOGRAPHIC ON THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
This table lists the question-level variables from the General Population Poll used to construct Chart 11.
World Justice Project Criminal Justice System Variable Map
VARIABLES USED IN INFOGRAPHIC ON THE POLICE
This table lists the question-level variables from the General Population Poll used to construct Chart 13.
World Justice Project Police Performance Variable Map
VARIABLES USED IN INFOGRAPHIC ON PERCEPTIONS OF THE TREATMENT OF CRIME VICTIMS
This table lists the question-level variables from the General Population Poll used to construct Chart 14.
ABOUT THE WORLD JUSTICE PROJECT
The World Justice Project (WJP) is an independent, multidisciplinary organization working to create knowledge, build awareness, and stimulate action to advance the rule of law worldwide. Effective rule of law is the foundation for communities of justice, opportunity, and peace–underpinning development, accountable government, and respect for fundamental rights.
The WJP builds and supports a global, multidisciplinary movement for the rule of law through three lines of work: collecting, organizing, and analyzing original, independent rule of law data, including the World Justice Project Rule of Law Index; supporting research, scholarship, and teaching about the importance of the rule of law, its relationship to development, and effective strategies to strengthen it; and connecting and building an engaged global network of policymakers and advocates to advance the rule of law through strategic partnerships, convenings, coordinated advocacy, and support for locally led initiatives.
Learn more at: worldjusticeproject.org.
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
For more information click on the publication.
WJP Rule of Law Index 2022 Insights
Highlights and data trends from the WJP Rule of Law Index 2021
WJP Mexico States Rule of
Law Index 2020-2021
Perceptions and experiences in 32 states
World Justice Challenge 2021
Outcome Report
For more information or to read these reports, visit worldjusticeproject.org/our-work