The Rule of Law
in Paraguay
Key Findings from the General
Population Poll
Acknowledgements
The Rule of Law in Paraguay: Key Findings from the General Population Poll was produced by the World Justice Project under the research oversight of Alejandro Ponce and the executive direction of Elizabeth Andersen.
The production of this report was led by Ana María Montoya and Tanya Primiani. This report was prepared by Said Aarji, Erin Campbell, James Davis, Joshua Fuller, Skye Jacobs, Ana María Montoya, Santiago Pardo González, Enrique Paulin, Tanya Primiani, Hannah Rigazzi, Natalia Rodríguez Cajamarca, Jeison Sabogal Sánchez, Victoria Thomaides, Carlos Toruño Paniagua, and Moss Woodbury.
Mariana Lopez was the graphic design lead for this report, with support from Raquel Medina. Photo for cover provided by Anton Lukin via UnSplash.
Sampling, fieldwork, and data processing in Paraguay were conducted by Datum Internacional S.A. and BM Business Partners, based in Peru and Uruguay, respectively. Data collection in Argentina was conducted by StatMark Group, based in the United States. Data collection in Brazil was conducted About Brazil Market Research, based in Brazil. Scripting of the questionnaire in the online platform SurveyToGo was conducted by Ezekiel Agwata of Polar Solutions.
The findings in this report are taken from the General Population Poll (GPP) conducted for the World Justice Project in 2021. The GPP’s conceptual framework and methodology were developed by Mark David Agrast, Juan Carlos Botero, and Alejandro Ponce. The methodology for this iteration of the GPP was developed by Lindsey Bock, Ana Cárdenas, Alicia Evangelides, Joshua Fuller, Nora Futtner, Amy Gryskiewicz, Verónica Jaso, Ana María Montoya, Alejandro Ponce, Eréndira González Portillo, Tanya Primiani, Natalia Rodríguez Cajamarca, Victoria Thomaides, and Marcelo Torres.
This report was made possible with the support of the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs' Office of Western Hemisphere (INL). The views expressed in this report are those of the survey respondents and do not necessarily represent the views of INL.
© Copyright 2023 by the World Justice Project.
Requests to reproduce this document should be sent to:
Alejandro Ponce
World Justice Project
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Washington, DC 20005, USA
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ABOUT
THIS REPORT
ABOUT THIS REPORT
EFFECTIVE RULE OF LAW reduces corruption, combats poverty and disease, and protects people from injustices large and small. Strengthening the rule of law is an important objective for governments, donors, and civil society organizations around the world. To be effective, rule of law development requires clarity about the fundamental features that define the rule of law, as well as an adequate basis for its evaluation and measurement.
The Rule of Law in Paraguay: Key Findings from the General Population Poll presents question-level data drawn from the General Population Poll (GPP), an original data source designed and collected by the World Justice Project. To provide a more in-depth view of trends in perceptions of rule of law in Paraguay, this report also presents select findings in comparison with Paraguay’s regional peers within the Southern Cone subregion of Latin America and the Caribbean.
The GPP was conducted between April and June 2021 through face-to-face interviews to a nationally representative sample of 1,000 Paraguayan households. This poll was designed to capture data on the experiences and perceptions of ordinary people regarding a variety of themes related to the rule of law.
This report represents the voices of people in Paraguay and their experiences with the rule of law in their country.
The data derived from the General Population Poll is presented in this report as thematic briefs, each one highlighting a different dimension of the rule of law from the perspective of Paraguayans. These thematic briefs focus on the current rule of law ecosystem in Paraguay while simultaneously illuminating changes over time and comparisons across the following peer countries in the Southern Cone region: Argentina and Brazil. Each section touches upon perceptions of and attitudes towards the following topics: accountability, authoritarianism, fundamental freedoms, corruption, bribery victimization, trust in institutions, the criminal justice system and its actors, police performance, crime victimization, security, and access to justice.
EXECUTIVE FINDINGS
The Rule of Law in Paraguay: Key Findings from the General Population Poll provides a comprehensive overview of how citizens perceive and experience the rule of law in Paraguay alongside comparative findings across the Southern Cone region. The findings in this report indicate some positive trends in the general public’s perspective on the rule of law in Paraguay, including low rates of crime victimization and relatively positive views on police performance. Despite these positive developments, however, these findings highlight the fact that many challenges—including relatively negative perceptions of fundamental freedoms, high perceptions of corruption, and low levels of trust in institutions—persist. At the regional level, prominent trends include high perceptions of authoritarian behavior, negative perceptions of government accountability, and low confidence in criminal justice system performance.
SECTION 1
Authoritarianism, Fundamental Freedoms, and Accountability
1. Fundamental Freedoms
On average, more respondents believe that their freedoms of expression, political participation, election, and religion are guaranteed in Argentina and Brazil compared to 2018 and 2017, respectively. In 2022, Argentinians had the most positive perceptions of the state’s respect for overall fundamental freedoms, on average, compared to other respondents in the Southern Cone. In contrast, Brazilians had the most negative perceptions of the state’s respect for freedoms of expression and political participation, while Paraguayans had the most negative perceptions of the state’s respect for electoral freedoms and freedom of religion, on average.
- When asked about respect for fundamental freedoms in Paraguay, respondents had more favorable views on freedoms of political participation, with 81% of respondents agreeing that people can join any political organization. Conversely, Paraguayans had less favorable views on electoral freedoms, with 33% of respondents agreeing that local government officials are elected through a clean process.
2. Accountability
Perceptions of accountability are extremely negative in surveyed Southern Cone countries. Less than one-quarter of all respondents in the region believe that high-ranking officials would be held accountable for breaking the law. Only 14% of respondents in Argentina and Paraguay believe that high-ranking government officials would be held accountable for breaking the law, marking a decline of 5 percentage points in Argentina since 2018. Public perceptions of impunity improved in Brazil, where 24% of respondents believe that high-ranking government officials would be held accountable for breaking the law, compared to 14% in 2017.
SECTION 2
Corruption and Trust
3. Corruption
Public views on the pervasiveness of corruption among the legislature, national executive officials, and judges and magistrates deteriorated in both Argentina and Brazil between 2022 and the last year of data collection. Out of all Southern Cone countries, on average, more Paraguayans reported perceptions of corruption across all actors than their regional peers, whereas Brazilians reported the same least frequently.
- Members of the legislature are considered the most corrupt actors in Paraguay. Approximately 80% of respondents believe that most or all members of the legislature are involved in corrupt practices.
- Public defense attorneys are considered the least corrupt actors in Paraguay, with 66% of respondents reporting that they believe most or all public defense attorneys are involved in corrupt practices.
4. Trust
Respondents in the Southern Cone trust people living in their country more than any other public actor. Respondents in the Southern Cone most often reported having some or a lot of trust in people living in their country and expressed the lowest levels of trust in national government officers. On average, respondents in Paraguay least often reported having some or a lot of trust in actors across all institutions. In contrast, respondents in Brazil reported the highest overall levels of trust.
5. Bribery Victimization
On average, respondents in the Southern Cone reported paying a bribe most often in Paraguay and least often in Argentina. Throughout the region, respondents most frequently had to pay a bribe when requesting a government permit and least often when using a public health service or securing a place at a public school.
SECTION 3
Security and Criminal Justice
6. Crime Victimization
On average, roughly one-fifth (22%) of all respondents surveyed in the Southern Cone reported experiencing a crime in the last 12 months. On average, more than half (57%) of those respondents reported their crime experience to an authority.
- Thirteen percent (13%) of Paraguayans reported experiencing a crime in the last 12 months, a figure below the regional average (22%).
- Most (73%) Paraguayan respondents who were victims of a crime reported the crime to an authority and, of those respondents, 60% reported that the case ended in prosecution.
7. Security
Only one-third (33%) of all respondents in the Southern Cone feel safe or very safe when walking in their neighborhood at night, on average. Perceptions of safety declined in Argentina, where 31% of respondents reported feeling safe or very safe walking in their neighborhood at night in 2022, compared to 36% in 2018. In contrast, perceptions of safety improved in Brazil by 10 percentage points between 2017 and 2022. Compared to respondents in regional peer countries, Paraguayans most often reported feeling safe in their neighborhood at night (40% of respondents).
- Paraguayans who live in an urban area and Paraguayans who had previously been a victim of a crime were less likely to feel safe walking in their neighborhood at night than respondents with other sociodemographic characteristics.
8. Criminal Justice
Across the Southern Cone, respondents are most confident, on average, that the criminal justice system ensures equal treatment of victims and least confident that the criminal justice system ensures uniform quality of service. On average, respondents in Paraguay reported the highest levels of confidence in the criminal justice system overall, while respondents in Brazil reported the lowest levels of confidence. Average perceptions of the criminal justice system’s overall performance deteriorated in Argentina between 2018 and 2022, while average perceptions of the criminal justice system’s overall performance improved in Brazil between 2017 and 2022.
- Paraguayans were most confident that the criminal justice system is effective in delivering justice (51%) and ensures equal treatment of the accused (47%).
- Paraguayans were least confident that the criminal justice system ensures uniform quality of service (35%) and ensures timeliness (38%).
9. Police Performance
- When asked about their impressions of police performance, respondents in Paraguay were most confident that:
- Police perform effective and lawful investigations (67%).
- Police act lawfully (65%).
- Police treat all people with respect (64%).
- Respondents in Paraguay were least confident that:
- Police are not involved in corrupt practices (29%).
- Police are trustworthy (34%).
- Police investigate crimes in an independent manner (39%)).
- In Paraguay, respondents most often indicated that socioeconomic status and sexual orientation would most likely be factors of discrimination in a criminal investigation.
SECTION 4
Access to Justice
Roughly 2 in 5 (41%) respondents in the Southern Cone reported experiencing a legal problem in the last two years, on average. While the prevalence and severity of problems vary by country, the most common problems relate to consumer issues. On average, 47% of respondents in the Southern Cone reported that their legal problem has been resolved and the average time reported to resolve the problem was approximately 8.4 months.
- Forty-five percent (45%) of Paraguayans reported experiencing a legal problem in the last two years (a figure above the regional average of 41%). The most commonly reported problems included consumer issues and debt resolution.
- Less than one-fifth (17%) of surveyed Paraguayans with a legal problem obtained advice from a person or organization that could help them better understand or resolve their problem, and 12% reported that it was difficult or nearly impossible to find the money required to resolve their problem.
- Roughly one-quarter (23%) of respondents in Paraguay who resolved their legal issue experienced at least one hardship during the resolution process. The most frequently cited hardships were interpersonal, health-related, and economic – 9% of respondents reported experiencing a relationship breakdown, illness, or loss of income.
Note: In addition to the data found in regional charts included in this report, comparative data for regional peer countries referenced in the Executive Findings can be found in each country’s respective report.
THEMATIC FINDINGS
SECTION I
AUTHORITARIANISM, FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS,
AND ACCOUNTABILITY
AUTHORITARIANISM
CHART 1.
Attitudes Towards Authoritarianism and Rule of Law
Percentage of respondents who agree with the following statements
Government efficiency is more important than citizen influence
It is important that citizens have a say in government matters, even at the expense of efficiency
None of the above
The president should not be bound by the laws or courts
The president must always obey the law and the courts
None of the above
It is not necessary to obey the laws of a government that you did not vote for
It is important to obey the government in power, no matter who you voted for
None of the above
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2021 and 2022
FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS
CHART 2.
Perceptions of Fundamental Freedoms in the Southern Cone
Percentage of respondents who believe the following statements
EXPRESSION
People can express opinions against the government
Civil society organizations can express opinions against the government
Political parties can express opinions against the government
The media can express opinions against the government without fear of retaliation
The media can expose cases of corruption
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2021 and 2022
PARTICIPATION
People can attend community meetings
People can join any political organization
People can organize around an issue or petition
ELECTIONS
Local government officials are elected through a clean process
People can vote freely without feeling harassed or pressured
RELIGION
Religious minorities can observe their holy days
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2021 and 2022
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY
CHART 3.
Perceptions of Accountablity in the Southern Cone Over Time
Percentage of respondents who believe that high-ranking government officials would be held accountable for breaking the law
Argentina Paraguay Brazil
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021, and 2022
CHART 4.
Perceptions of Constraints on Government Powers
Percentage of respondents in Paraguay and the Southern Cone who believe that various actors could hypothetically stop a president's illegal actions
Very Likely Likely Unlikely Very Unlikely
CONGRESS
THE COURTS
CITIZENS
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2021 and 2022
THEMATIC FINDINGS
SECTION II
CORRUPTION AND TRUST
CORRUPTION AND TRUST
CHART 5.1.
Trust in Country Members
Percentage of respondents in Paraguay who trust people within their country
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2021
CHART 5.2.
Perceptions of Corruption in the Southern Cone, by Institution
Percentage of respondents in Paraguay and the Southern Cone who trust the following institutions and who believe that people working in the following institutions are corrupt
◆Argentina Paraguay ◆Brazil
TRUST
CORRUPTION
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2021 and 2022
BRIBERY VICTIMIZATION
CHART 6.
Bribery Victimization in Paraguay and Regional Peer Countries
Percentage of respondents who paid a bribe in the last three years to access the following services, out of those who used these services
REQUEST A GOVERNMENT PERMIT OR DOCUMENT
REQUEST PUBLIC BENEFITS OR ASSISTANCE
OBTAIN A BIRTH CERTIFICATE OR GOVERNMENT ISSUED ID
SECURE A PLACE AT A PUBLIC SCHOOL
USE A PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2021 and 2022
THEMATIC FINDINGS
SECTION III
SECURITY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE
CRIME VICTIMIZATION
CHART 7.1
Types of Crimes Experienced by People in Paraguay
Victimization rate, by type of crime
CHART 7.2
Crime Victimization Rates and Reporting
Data on crime victimization, reporting, and prosecution in Paraguay
Note: For additional information on how Chart 7.1 was produced, please see the Appendix.
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2021
SECURITY
CHART 8.1
Perceptions of Security in Paraguay
Percentage of respondents who reported that they feel safe or very safe walking in their neighborhood at night
CHART 8.2
Impact of Sociodemographic Characteristics on Perceptions of Safety
Likelihood that respondents feel safe or very safe walking in their neighborhood at night
Note: The results in this infographic were obtained from a logit regression. Each point indicates the average marginal effect of the corresponding sociodemographic characteristic on the predicted probability of a respondent to answer “safe” or “very safe” to the question “How safe do you feel walking in your neighborhood at night?” The lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals of each average marginal effect. For additional information on how Chart 8.2 was produced, please see the Regression Key linked in the Appendix.
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2021
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
CHART 9.
Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System in Paraguay
Percentage of respondents who are confident that the criminal justice system...
Note: For additional information on how Chart 9 was produced, please see the Appendix.
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2021
CHART 10.
Criminal Justice Actors
Perceptions of criminal justice actors in Paraguay
TRUST IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACTORS
Percentage of respondents who have a lot or some trust in criminal justice actors
PERCEPTIONS OF CORRUPTION ACROSS CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACTORS
Percentage of respondents who believe that most or all criminal justice actors are corrupt
PERCEPTIONS OF EFFECTIVENESS ACROSS CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACTORS
Percentage of respondents who believe that criminal justice actors do their job well
Note: Variables in Effectiveness category are as follows: Prosecutors prosecute crimes committed in an independent manner and are not subject to any sort of pressure; Public defenders do everything they can to defend poor people that are accused of committing a crime; Judges decide cases in an independent manner and are not subject to any sort of pressure.
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2021
POLICE
CHART 11.
Perceptions of the Police
Opinions on the effectiveness and legitimacy of law enforcement
TRUST AND SAFETY
Percentage of respondents who believe that the police...
ACCOUNTABILITY AND DUE PROCESS
Percentage of respondents who believe that the police...
DISCRIMINATION
Percentage of respondents who believe that the police do not discriminate against suspects based on...
Note: For additional information on how Chart 11 was produced, please see the Appendix.
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2021
THEMATIC FINDINGS
SECTION IV
ACCESS TO JUSTICE
ACCESS TO JUSTICE JOURNEY
CHART 12
Justice Journey in Paraguay
Paths followed by Paraguayans who experienced a legal problem in the last two years
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2021
Note: For additional information on how Chart 12 was produced, please see the Appendix.
Source: WJP General Population Poll 2021
PROJECT DESIGN
METHODOLOGY
To present an image that accurately portrays the rule of law as experienced by ordinary people, data in this report is drawn from the General Population Poll (GPP), an original data source designed and collected by the World Justice Project (WJP). The GPP captures the experiences and perceptions of ordinary citizens concerning the performance of the state and its agents and the actual operation of the legal framework in their country.
The General Population Poll used to collect data in Paraguay in 2021 features several questions that highlight perceptions on issues salient to the region, including corruption, police performance, criminal justice, and security. In total, the General Population Poll questionnaire includes 88 perception-based questions and 69 experience-based questions, along with sociodemographic information on all respondents. Additionally, the GPP in Paraguay was administered to a sample of 1,000 respondents.
Data Collection
The GPP in Paraguay was conducted for the WJP's The Rule of Law in Paraguay: Key Findings from the General Population Poll with sampling, fieldwork, and data processing by Datum Internacional S.A. and BM Business Partners, based in Lima, Peru and Montevideo, Uruguay, respectively. Datum Internacional S.A. and BM Business Partners administered the surveys between April and June 2021, conducting face-to-face interviews using a multi-stage stratified random sampling design. The target population group for this survey included Paraguayans aged 18 years or older residing across 16 departments and one capital district.
SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLE FRAME
The General Population Poll in Paraguay represents an achieved total sample size of 1,000 interviews distributed proportionally across 17 departments and districts. Datum Internacional S.A. and BM Business Partners based the sampling frame on the most recent census figures from the National Institute of Statistics (INE), acquiring a proportionally stratified sample by region, age, gender, socioeconomic status, and level of urbanization.
In order to address all relevant topics while controlling the questionnaire length, the World Justice Project split three of the survey modules into two versions (Option A and Option B) and randomly assigned one option to each respondent for each module. These modules included: Hypothetical Situations, Civic Participation, and Institutional Performance. Aside from these modules, the questionnaires are identical. A link to the complete survey instrument, in English and Spanish, can be found in the Appendix of this report.
SAMPLING
Departments and districts were selected to achieve a nationally representative sample of the country. Within cities and towns, neighborhoods were selected as the primary sampling unit using probability proportional to size sampling. In urban areas, each enumeration area consisted of a randomly selected block. In rural areas, enumeration areas started at a randomly selected street. Within each enumeration area, survey administrators performed a systematic random route to sample households and used the Last Birthday method to select respondents. If the selected respondent declined to be interviewed or otherwise did not meet the characteristics of the target quota, the interviewer moved on to the next household. Due to a lack of accessibility, three surveys were conducted in the city of Filadelfia, located in the Boquerón Department, instead of in Fuerte Olimpo, located in the Alto Paraguay department. Both cities are located in the Chaco region of Paraguay.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SAMPLE
COVERAGE: Interviews were distributed across departments and districts to create a nationally representative sample. The majority of interviews took place in the Central Department (30%), Alto Paraná (12%), Itapúa (9%), Caaguazú (8%), and the Capital District of Asunción (7%).
GEOGRAPHY: Thirty percent (30%) of respondents resided in rural areas and municipalities, while 70% of respondents resided in metro areas or cities.
RACIAL AND ETHNIC BACKGROUND: Most respondents (86%) identified themselves as White, followed by Mestizo (12%).
GENDER: Forty-nine percent (49%) of respondents were female and 51% were male.
EDUCATION: More than half (55%) of all respondents reported that they had received at least a high school diploma or vocational degree, and the remaining 45% of respondents received up to a middle school diploma.
RESPONSE RATES
| Eligible household, non-interview | 3,500 |
| Refusals | 3,500 |
INTERVIEWING AND QUALITY CONTROL
In total, 11 interviewers worked on this project, including 6 female interviewers. Enumerators worked in two groups of five and six interviewers each. Interviews were conducted in Spanish.
The supervisory team directly oversaw 15% interviews in the field. During data processing, 50 interviews (approximately 5% of the sample) were backchecked via telephone. After quality control, 20 interviews were rejected from the final sample. Additional quality control measures included checks for abnormal answer patterns. Interviews averaged 25 minutes in length and ranged from 19 to 80 minutes.
DATA REVIEW AND JUSTIFICATION
As part of the data analysis process, the team consulted several third-party sources in order to contextualize and validate perception-based data captured by the General Population Poll and compare it with the objective rule of law situation in-country. Peer data sources consulted include select indicators measured by the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP)'s AmericasBarometer, Latinobarómetro, Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index, the Bertelsmann Stiftung's Transformation Index (BTI), and Freedom House's Freedom in the World. While certain trends captured by the 2021 General Population Poll in Paraguay are comparable to trends in perceptions data measured by other indices, the experiences and perceptions presented in this report may not always coincide with the reality of Paraguay's rule of law performance as measured by other sources.
HISTORICAL DATA
Historical data in this report derives from the WJP Rule of Law Index®'s General Population Poll that is typically administered every two to three years using a nationally representative probability sample ranging from 500 to 1,000 respondents. These household surveys were administered in the three largest cities of most countries until 2018, when the World Justice Project transitioned to nationally representative coverage as the preferred methodology for polling. Paraguay was added to the WJP Rule of Law Index in 2021. The historical polling data used in this year's report was collected in the following intervals: Data for Argentina was collected in 2016, 2018, and 2022. Data for Brazil was collected in 2014, 2017, and 2022.
ADDITIONAL COUNTRIES
The Rule of Law in Paraguay: Key Findings from the General Population Poll includes comparisons to the following Southern Cone countries surveyed by the World Justice Project in 2022: Argentina and Brazil. This report is additionally part of a series that presents findings from the following five sub-regions within Latin America and the Caribbean: Andes (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru); Southern Cone (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay); Eastern Caribbean (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago); Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, and the Guianas (The Bahamas, the Dominican Republic, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Suriname); and Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama). Together, these 26 countries are a portion of the 140 countries and jurisdictions included in the WJP Rule of Law Index 2022 report. Detailed information regarding the methodology of the Rule of Law Index is available at: www.worldjusticeproject.org.
| Country | Polling Company | Methodology | Sample |
| Argentina | StatMark Group | Face-to-face | 759 |
| The Bahamas | DMR Insights Ltd. | Face-to-face | 500 |
| Barbados | DMR Insights Ltd. | Face-to-face | 500 |
| Belize | CID Gallup | Face-to-face | 1,500 |
| Bolivia | Captura Consulting | Face-to-face | 1,000 |
| Brazil | About Brazil Market Research | Face-to-face | 1,109 |
| Colombia | Tempo Group SA | Face-to-face | 1,000 |
| Costa Rica | CID Gallup | Face-to-face | 1,005 |
| Dominica | DMR Insights Ltd. | Face-to-face | 500 |
| Dominican Republic | CID Gallup | Face-to-face | 1,002 |
| Ecuador | StatMark Group | Face-to-face | 1,005 |
| El Salvador | CID Gallup | Face-to-face | 2,010 |
| Grenada | DMR Insights Ltd. | Face-to-face | 500 |
| Guatemala | Mercaplan | Face-to-face | 2,002 |
| Guyana | StatMark Group | Face-to-face | 500 |
| Haiti | CID Gallup | Face-to-face | 507 |
| Honduras | Mercaplan | Face-to-face | 2,000 |
| Jamaica | StatMark Group | Face-to-face | 1,001 |
| Nicaragua | CID Gallup | Telephone | 1,014 |
| Panama | CID Gallup | Face-to-face | 2,023 |
| Paraguay | Datum Internacional S.A./BM Business Partners | Face-to-face | 1,000 |
| Peru | Datum Internacional S.A. | Face-to-face | 1,029 |
| St. Lucia | DMR Insights Ltd. | Face-to-face | 500 |
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines | DMR Insights Ltd. | Face-to-face | 500 |
| Suriname | D3: Designs, Data, Decisions | Face-to-face | 502 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | CID Gallup | Face-to-face | 1,001 |
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
Methodological Materials
GENERAL POPULATION POLL (GPP)
The General Population Poll in Paraguay was designed to capture high-quality data on the realities and concerns of ordinary people on a variety of themes related to the rule of law, including government accountability, bribery, corruption, police performance, and crime and security.
VARIABLES USED IN INFOGRAPHIC ON CRIME VICTIMIZATION
This table lists the question-level variables from the General Population Poll used to construct Chart 7.1.
World Justice Project Crime Victimization Variable Map
REGRESSION TABLES FOR REGRESSION ANALYSIS USED IN INFOGRAPHIC ON PERCEPTIONS OF SECURITY
This document includes the question-level variables from the General Population Poll used in the regression analysis and the regression results featured in Chart 8.2.
World Justice Project Regression Tables
VARIABLES USED IN INFOGRAPHIC ON THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
This table lists the question-level variables from the General Population Poll used to construct Chart 9.
World Justice Project Criminal Justice System Variable Map
VARIABLES USED IN INFOGRAPHIC ON THE POLICE
This table lists the question-level variables from the General Population Poll used to construct Chart 11.
World Justice Project Police Performance Variable Map
VARIABLES USED IN INFOGRAPHIC ON ACCESS TO JUSTICE
This table lists the question-level variables from the General Population Poll used to construct Chart 12.
ABOUT THE WORLD JUSTICE PROJECT
The World Justice Project (WJP) is an independent, multidisciplinary organization working to create knowledge, build awareness, and stimulate action to advance the rule of law worldwide. Effective rule of law is the foundation for communities of justice, opportunity, and peace–underpinning development, accountable government, and respect for fundamental rights.
The WJP builds and supports a global, multidisciplinary movement for the rule of law through three lines of work: collecting, organizing, and analyzing original, independent rule of law data, including the World Justice Project Rule of Law Index; supporting research, scholarship, and teaching about the importance of the rule of law, its relationship to development, and effective strategies to strengthen it; and connecting and building an engaged global network of policymakers and advocates to advance the rule of law through strategic partnerships, convenings, coordinated advocacy, and support for locally led initiatives.
Learn more at: worldjusticeproject.org.
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