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About the Index,"The World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index® is the world's leading source for original data on the rule of law. The 2020 edition covers 126 countries and jurisdictions, relying on more than 120,000 household surveys and 3,800 expert surveys to measure how the rule of law is experienced in practical, everyday situations by the general public worldwide.",pending
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,WJP Rule of Law Index Score,Overall Score
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,Overview Description,"The scores and rankings of the eight factors and 44 sub-factors of the _WJP Rule of Law Index_ draw from two sources of data collected by the WJP:

A General Population Poll (GPP) conducted by leading local polling companies, using a representative sample of 1,000 respondents in each country and
jurisdiction;

Qualified Respondents’ Questionnaires (QRQs) consisting of closed-ended questions completed by in-country legal practitioners, experts, and academics with expertise in civil and commercial law; constitutional law, civil liberties, and criminal law; labor law; and public health.

Explore factor performance globally and by country using the map and left-hand factor menu."
Factor Insights,Factor 1 Description,"Factor 1 of the _WJP Rule of Law Index_ measures the extent to which those who govern are bound by law. It comprises the means, both constitutional and institutional, by which the powers of the government and its officials and agents are limited and held accountable under the law. It also includes non-governmental checks on the government’s power, such as a free and independent press."
,Factor 2 Description,"Factor 2 of the _WJP Rule of Law Index_ measures the absence of corruption in government. The factor considers three forms of corruption: bribery, improper influence by public or private interests, and misappropriation of public funds or other resources. These three forms of corruption are examined with respect to government officers in the executive branch, the judiciary, the military, police, and the legislature."
,Factor 3 Description,"Factor 3 of the _WJP Rule of Law Index_ measures the openness of government defined by the extent to which a government shares information, empowers people with tools to hold the government accountable, and fosters citizen participation in public policy deliberations. This factor measures whether basic laws and information on legal rights are publicized and evaluates the quality of information published by the government."
,Factor 4 Description,"Factor 4 of the _WJP Rule of Law Index_ recognizes that a system of positive law that fails to respect core human rights established under international law is at best “rule by law,” and does not deserve to be called a rule of law system. Since there are many other indices that address human rights, and because it would be impossible for the Index to assess adherence to the full range of rights, this factor focuses on a relatively modest menu of rights that are firmly established under the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and are most closely related to rule of law concerns."
,Factor 5 Description,Factor 5 of the _WJP Rule of Law Index_ measures how well a society ensures the security of persons and property. Security is one of the defining aspects of any rule of law society and is a fundamental function of the state. It is also a precondition for the realization of the rights and freedoms that the rule of law seeks to advance.
,Factor 6 Description,"Factor 6 of the _WJP Rule of Law Index_ measures the extent to which regulations are fairly and effectively implemented and enforced. Regulations, both legal and administrative, structure behaviors within and outside of the government. This factor does not assess which activities a government chooses to regulate, nor does it consider how much regulation of a particular activity is appropriate. Rather, it examines how regulations are implemented and enforced."
,Factor 7 Description,"Factor 7 of the _WJP Rule of Law Index_ measures whether ordinary people can resolve their grievances peacefully and effectively through the civil justice system. It measures whether civil justice systems are accessible and affordable as well as free of discrimination, corruption, and improper influence by public officials. It examines whether court proceedings are conducted without unreasonable delays and whether decisions are enforced effectively. It also measures the accessibility, impartiality, and effectiveness of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms."
,Factor 8 Description,"Factor 8 of the _WJP Rule of Law Index_ evaluates a country’s criminal justice system. An effective criminal justice system is a key aspect of the rule of law, as it constitutes the conventional mechanism to redress grievances and bring action against individuals for offenses against society. An assessment of the delivery of criminal justice should take into consideration the entire system, including the police, lawyers, prosecutors, judges, and prison officers."
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Factor 1 Page,Sub-Factor 1.1 Description,"Measures whether legislative bodies have the ability in
practice to exercise effective checks on and oversight of
the government."
,Sub-Factor 1.2 Description,Measures whether the judiciary has the independence and the ability in practice to exercise effective checks on the government.
,Sub-Factor 1.3 Description,"Measures whether comptrollers or auditors, as well as national human rights ombudsman agencies, have sufficient independence and the ability to exercise effective checks on and oversight of the government."
,Sub-Factor 1.4 Description,"Measures whether government officials in the executive, legislature, judiciary, and the police are investigated, prosecuted, and punished for official misconduct and other violations."
,Sub-Factor 1.5 Description,"Measures whether an independent media, civil society organizations, political parties, and individuals are free to report and comment on government policies without fear of retaliation."
,Sub-Factor 1.6 Description,"Measures whether government officials are elected or appointed in accordance with the rules and procedures set forth in the constitution. Where elections take place, it also measures the integrity of the electoral process, including access to the ballot, the absence of intimidation, and public scrutiny of election results."
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Factor 2 Page,Sub-Factor 2.1 Description,"Measures the prevalence of bribery, informal payments, and other inducements in the delivery of public services and the enforcement of regulations. It also measures whether government procurement and public works contracts are awarded through an open and competitive bidding process, and whether government officials at various levels of the executive branch refrain from embezzling public funds."
,Sub-Factor 2.2 Description,"Measures whether judges and judicial officials refrain from soliciting and accepting bribes to perform duties or expedite processes, and whether the judiciary and judicial rulings are free of improper influence by the government, private interests, and criminal organizations."
,Sub-Factor 2.3 Description,"Measures whether police officers and criminal investigators refrain from soliciting and accepting bribes to perform basic police services or to investigate crimes, and whether government officials in the police and the military are free of improper influence by private interests or criminal organizations."
,Sub-Factor 2.4 Description,Measures whether members of the legislature refrain from soliciting or accepting bribes or other inducements in exchange for political favors or favorable votes on legislation.
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Factor 3 Page,Sub-Factor 3.1 Description,"Measures whether basic laws and information on legal rights are publicly available, presented in plain language, and made accessible in all languages. It also measures the quality and accessibility of information published by the government in print or online, and whether administrative regulations, drafts of legislation, and high court decisions are made accessible to the public in a timely manner."
,Sub-Factor 3.2 Description,"Measures whether requests for information held by a government agency are granted, whether these requests are granted within a reasonable time period, if the information provided is pertinent and complete, and if requests for information are granted at a reasonable cost and without having to pay a bribe. It also measures whether people are aware of their right to information, and whether relevant records are accessible to the public upon request."
,Sub-Factor 3.3 Description,"Measures the effectiveness of civic participation mechanisms, including the protection of the freedoms of opinion and expression, assembly and association, and the right to petition the government. It also measures whether people can voice concerns to various government officers, and whether government officials provide sufficient information and notice about decisions affecting the community."
,Sub-Factor 3.4 Description,"Measures whether people are able to bring specific complaints to the government about the provision of public services or the performance of government officers in carrying out their legal duties in practice, and how government officials respond to such complaints."
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Factor 4 Page,Sub-Factor 4.1 Description,"Measures whether individuals are free from discrimination—based on socio-economic status, gender, ethnicity, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, or gender identity—with respect to public services, employment, court proceedings, and the justice system."
,Sub-Factor 4.2 Description,"Measures whether the police inflict physical harm upon criminal suspects during arrest and interrogation, and whether political dissidents or members of the media are subjected to unreasonable searches, arrest, detention, imprisonment, threats, abusive treatment, or violence."
,Sub-Factor 4.3 Description,"Measures whether the basic rights of criminal suspects are respected, including the presumption of innocence and the freedom from arbitrary arrest and unreasonable pre-trial detention. It also measures whether criminal suspects are able to access and challenge evidence used against them, whether they are subject to abusive treatment, and whether they are provided with adequate legal assistance. In addition, it measures whether the basic rights of prisoners are respected once they have been convicted of a crime."
,Sub-Factor 4.4 Description,"Measures whether an independent media, civil society organizations, political parties, and individuals are free to report and comment on government policies without fear of retaliation."
,Sub-Factor 4.5 Description,"Measures whether members of religious minorities can worship and conduct religious practices freely and publicly, and whether non-adherents are protected from having to submit to religious laws."
,Sub-Factor 4.6 Description,"Measures whether the police or other government officials conduct physical searches without warrants, or intercept electronic communications of private individuals without judicial authorization."
,Sub-Factor 4.7 Description,"Measures whether people can freely attend community meetings, join political organizations, hold peaceful public demonstrations, sign petitions, and express opinions against government policies and actions without fear of retaliation."
,Sub-Factor 4.8 Description,"Measures the effective enforcement of fundamental labor rights, including freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining, the absence of discrimination with respect to employment, and freedom from forced labor and child labor."
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Factor 5 Page,Sub-Factor 5.1 Description,"Measures the prevalence of common crimes, including homicide, kidnapping, burglary and theft, armed robbery, and extortion, as well as people’s general perceptions of safety in their communities."
,Sub-Factor 5.2 Description,Measures whether people are effectively protected from armed conflict and terrorism.
,Sub-Factor 5.3 Description,"Measures whether people resort to intimidation or violence to resolve civil disputes amongst themselves or to seek redress from the government, and whether people are free from mob violence."
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Factor 6 Page,Sub-Factor 6.1 Description,"Measures whether government regulations, such as labor, environmental, public health, commercial, and consumer protection regulations are effectively enforced."
,Sub-Factor 6.2 Description,"Measures whether the enforcement of regulations is subject to bribery or improper influence by private interests, and whether public services, such as the issuance of permits and licenses and the administration of public health services, are provided without bribery or other inducements."
,Sub-Factor 6.3 Description,Measures whether administrative proceedings at the national and local levels are conducted without unreasonable delay.
,Sub-Factor 6.4 Description,"Measures whether the due process of law is respected in administrative proceedings conducted by national and local authorities in issue areas such as the environment, taxes, and labor."
,Sub-Factor 6.5 Description,"Measures whether the government respects the property rights of people and corporations, refrains from the illegal seizure of private property, and provides adequate compensation when property is legally expropriated."
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Factor 7 Page,Sub-Factor 7.1 Description,"Measures the accessibility and affordability of civil courts, including whether people are aware of available remedies; can access and afford legal advice and representation; and can access the court system without incurring unreasonable fees, encountering unreasonable procedural hurdles, or experiencing physical or linguistic barriers."
,Sub-Factor 7.2 Description,"Measures whether the civil justice system discriminates in practice based on socio-economic status, gender, ethnicity, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, or gender identity."
,Sub-Factor 7.3 Description,Measures whether the civil justice system is free of bribery and improper influence by private interests.
,Sub-Factor 7.4 Description,Measures whether the civil justice system is free of improper government or political influence.
,Sub-Factor 7.5 Description,Measures whether civil justice proceedings are conducted and judgments are produced in a timely manner without unreasonable delay.
,Sub-Factor 7.6 Description,Measures the effectiveness and timeliness of the enforcement of civil justice decisions and judgments in practice.
,Sub-Factor 7.7 Description,"Measures whether alternative dispute resolution mechanisms (ADRs) are affordable, efficient, enforceable, and free of corruption."
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Factor 8 Page,Sub-Factor 8.1 Description,"Measures whether perpetrators of crimes are effectively apprehended and charged. It also measures whether police, investigators, and prosecutors have adequate resources, are free of corruption, and perform their duties competently."
,Sub-Factor 8.2 Description,Measures whether perpetrators of crimes are effectively prosecuted and punished. It also measures whether criminal judges and other judicial officers are competent and produce speedy decisions.
,Sub-Factor 8.3 Description,"Measures whether correctional institutions are secure, respect prisoners’ rights, and are effective in preventing recidivism."
,Sub-Factor 8.4 Description,"Measures whether the police and criminal judges are impartial and whether they discriminate in practice based on socio-economic status, gender, ethnicity, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, or gender identity."
,Sub-Factor 8.5 Description,"Measures whether the police, prosecutors, and judges are free of bribery and improper influence from criminal organizations."
,Sub-Factor 8.6 Description,Measures whether the criminal justice system is independent from government or political influence.
,Sub-Factor 8.7 Description,"Measures whether the basic rights of criminal suspects are respected, including the presumption of innocence and the freedom from arbitrary arrest and unreasonable pre-trial detention. It also measures whether criminal suspects are able to access and challenge evidence used against them, whether they are subject to abusive treatment, and whether they are provided with adequate legal assistance. In addition, it measures whether the basic rights of prisoners are respected once they have been convicted of a crime."