Absence of Corruption
The absence of corruption - conventionally defined as the use of public power for private gain - is one of the hallmarks of a society governed by the rule of law, as corruption is a manifestation of the extent to which government officials abuse their power or fulfill their obligations under the law. Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, improper influence by public or private interests, and misappropriation of public funds or other resources.
These three forms of corruption are examined with respect to government officers in the executive branch, the judiciary, the legislature, and the police and the military. It consists of 68 variables combined to form the following four sub-factors:
Subfactors
Index Factor Information and Rankings
| Country | Region | Income Group | 2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income | 0.31 | 0.40 | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.20 |
| Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.63 | 0.54 | 0.28 |
| Australia | East Asia & Pacific | High income | 0.90 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.82 |
| Austria | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.77 | 0.76 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.54 |
| Bangladesh | South Asia | Low income | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.34 |
| Belarus | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.47 | 0.65 | 0.38 |
| Belgium | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.60 |
| Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Lower middle income | 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.19 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | 0.47 | 0.43 | 0.51 | 0.64 | 0.29 |
| Botswana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Upper middle income | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.71 |
| Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.67 | 0.64 | 0.25 |
| Bulgaria | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.57 | 0.33 |
| Burkina Faso | Sub-Saharan Africa | Low income | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.58 | 0.52 | 0.38 |
| Cambodia | East Asia & Pacific | Low income | 0.31 | 0.39 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.47 |
| Cameroon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lower middle income | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.11 |
| Canada | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.69 |
| Chile | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 0.74 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.83 | 0.56 |
| China | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | 0.52 | 0.49 | 0.40 | 0.65 | 0.53 |
| Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 0.44 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.20 |
| Cote dIvoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lower middle income | 0.39 | 0.44 | 0.35 | 0.47 | 0.32 |
| Croatia | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | High income | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.62 | 0.66 | 0.39 |
| Czech Republic | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | High income | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.29 |
| Denmark | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.95 |
| Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 0.36 | 0.42 | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.10 |
| Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 0.47 | 0.55 | 0.33 | 0.61 | 0.38 |
| Egypt | Middle East & North Africa | Lower middle income | 0.51 | 0.55 | 0.58 | 0.50 | 0.43 |
| El Salvador | Latin America & Caribbean | Lower middle income | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.44 | 0.63 | 0.27 |
| Estonia | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | High income | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.86 | 0.91 | 0.58 |
| Ethiopia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Low income | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.31 | 0.49 | 0.50 |
| Finland | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.84 |
| France | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.84 | 0.90 | 0.68 |
| Georgia | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income | 0.77 | 0.76 | 0.64 | 0.98 | 0.70 |
| Germany | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.92 | 0.88 | 0.66 |
| Ghana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Low income | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.64 | 0.27 | 0.43 |
| Greece | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.56 | 0.48 | 0.71 | 0.77 | 0.29 |
| Guatemala | Latin America & Caribbean | Lower middle income | 0.29 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.40 | 0.11 |
| Hong Kong SAR, China | East Asia & Pacific | High income | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.93 | 0.90 | 0.88 |
| Hungary | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | High income | 0.72 | 0.66 | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.55 |
| India | South Asia | Lower middle income | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.49 | 0.29 | 0.19 |
| Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | Lower middle income | 0.30 | 0.41 | 0.34 | 0.37 | 0.11 |
| Iran | Middle East & North Africa | Upper middle income | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.40 |
| Italy | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.27 |
| Jamaica | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.70 | 0.59 | 0.24 |
| Japan | East Asia & Pacific | High income | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.84 | 0.90 | 0.77 |
| Jordan | Middle East & North Africa | Upper middle income | 0.57 | 0.59 | 0.67 | 0.62 | 0.40 |
| Kazakhstan | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | 0.38 | 0.41 | 0.36 | 0.45 | 0.30 |
| Kenya | Sub-Saharan Africa | Low income | 0.27 | 0.32 | 0.44 | 0.26 | 0.06 |
| Kyrgyzstan | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | Low income | 0.26 | 0.38 | 0.17 | 0.37 | 0.13 |
| Lebanon | Middle East & North Africa | Upper middle income | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0.55 | 0.27 |
| Liberia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Low income | 0.36 | 0.31 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.22 |
| Macedonia | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | 0.55 | 0.61 | 0.40 | 0.74 | 0.44 |
| Madagascar | Sub-Saharan Africa | Low income | 0.39 | 0.46 | 0.43 | 0.39 | 0.28 |
| Malawi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Low income | 0.44 | 0.41 | 0.65 | 0.38 | 0.31 |
| Malaysia | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | 0.69 | 0.63 | 0.66 | 0.75 | 0.71 |
| Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 0.37 | 0.49 | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.33 |
| Moldova | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income | 0.33 | 0.45 | 0.17 | 0.41 | 0.29 |
| Mongolia | East Asia & Pacific | Lower middle income | 0.40 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.54 | 0.16 |
| Morocco | Middle East & North Africa | Lower middle income | 0.33 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.28 | 0.28 |
| Nepal | South Asia | Low income | 0.40 | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.61 | 0.18 |
| Netherlands | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.92 |
| New Zealand | East Asia & Pacific | High income | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.89 |
| Nicaragua | Latin America & Caribbean | Lower middle income | 0.40 | 0.56 | 0.23 | 0.50 | 0.29 |
| Nigeria | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lower middle income | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.46 | 0.21 | 0.05 |
| Norway | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.91 |
| Pakistan | South Asia | Lower middle income | 0.28 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.24 | 0.15 |
| Panama | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 0.41 | 0.49 | 0.38 | 0.58 | 0.19 |
| Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 0.37 | 0.46 | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.30 |
| Philippines | East Asia & Pacific | Lower middle income | 0.41 | 0.47 | 0.39 | 0.61 | 0.19 |
| Poland | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | High income | 0.72 | 0.65 | 0.80 | 0.88 | 0.54 |
| Portugal | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.68 | 0.66 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.46 |
| Republic of Korea | East Asia & Pacific | High income | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.49 |
| Romania | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.62 | 0.64 | 0.27 |
| Russia | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | 0.39 | 0.46 | 0.42 | 0.46 | 0.22 |
| Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lower middle income | 0.49 | 0.53 | 0.46 | 0.60 | 0.37 |
| Serbia | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | 0.42 | 0.39 | 0.45 | 0.56 | 0.30 |
| Sierra Leone | Sub-Saharan Africa | Low income | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.39 |
| Singapore | East Asia & Pacific | High income | 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.88 | 0.95 |
| Slovenia | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | High income | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.75 | 0.60 | 0.52 |
| South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Upper middle income | 0.50 | 0.39 | 0.67 | 0.61 | 0.33 |
| Spain | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.80 | 0.74 | 0.84 | 0.90 | 0.72 |
| Sri Lanka | South Asia | Lower middle income | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.64 | 0.62 | 0.26 |
| Sweden | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.95 |
| Tanzania | Sub-Saharan Africa | Low income | 0.41 | 0.44 | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.38 |
| Thailand | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.58 | 0.56 | 0.06 |
| Tunisia | Middle East & North Africa | Upper middle income | 0.52 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.48 | 0.49 |
| Turkey | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | 0.55 | 0.51 | 0.61 | 0.54 | 0.55 |
| Uganda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Low income | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.43 | 0.25 | 0.31 |
| Ukraine | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.02 |
| United Arab Emirates | Middle East & North Africa | High income | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.71 | 0.73 |
| United Kingdom | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.66 |
| United States | Western Europe & North America | High income | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.88 | 0.83 | 0.62 |
| Uruguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 0.78 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.71 |
| Uzbekistan | Eastern Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.30 |
| Venezuela | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 0.32 | 0.39 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.29 |
| Vietnam | East Asia & Pacific | Lower middle income | 0.43 | 0.40 | 0.28 | 0.47 | 0.57 |
| Zambia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lower middle income | 0.44 | 0.41 | 0.49 | 0.38 | 0.48 |
| Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Low income | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.40 | 0.24 | 0.13 |